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Mission directory

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307 records
Snapshot 2026-09-06

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Launched 2026

Completed · Success

Artemis II

NASA's Artemis II was a crewed lunar flyby around the Moon and back to Earth with four astronauts in April 2026.

Agency: NASA
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Crewed
Flyby

Launched 2025

Failed · Failure

Lunar Trailblazer

A NASA smallsat that was to map water on the Moon from polar orbit, lost when contact failed hours after launch.

Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2025

Completed · Partial Success

Intuitive Machines 2 (PRIME-1)

Intuitive Machines’ Nova-C lander, Athena, touched down inside a crater near Mons Mouton, collected some NASA data, and ended its mission early.

Agency: Intuitive Machines
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander

Launched 2025

Lost · Failure

Odin

AstroForge's Odin was an asteroid-imaging mission that launched as an IM-2 secondary payload, made it past the Moon into deep space, and was lost in 2025.

Agency: AstroForge
Destination: Moon · 2022 OB5
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Flyby

Launched 2025

Completed · Success

Blue Ghost Mission 1

Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost Mission 1 launched on a SpaceX Falcon 9, landed successfully on the Moon, and concluded its mission in March 2025.

Agency: Firefly Aerospace
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander

Launched 2025

Failed · Failure

Hakuto-R Mission 2

ispace's RESILIENCE lander reached lunar orbit before a hard landing on the Moon; ispace decided to conclude HAKUTO-R Mission 2.

Agency: ispace
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander

Launched 2024

Completed · Success

Chang'e 6

China's Chang'e 6 returned the first samples from the lunar far side after landing in the South Pole-Aitken Basin.

Agency: China National Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander
Sample Return

Launched 2024

Completed · Success

Chang'e-6 launched with four international payloads including Pakistan's ICUBE-Q CubeSat; it separated from the orbiter on May 8 and was successfully deployed in lunar orbit. China delivered CubeSat data to Pakistan on May 10.

Agency: Institute of Space Technology · Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2024

Active mission

Queqiao 2

China's Queqiao 2 relay satellite entered its target highly elliptical orbit around the Moon and supported Chang'e 6's far-side landing.

Agency: China National Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Other

Launched 2024

Active mission

Tiandu-1

China's Tiandu-1 communication and navigation technology test satellite entered lunar orbit and completed a 3:1 Earth-Moon resonant-orbit maneuver.

Agency: China National Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Other

Launched 2024

Completed · Success

Tiandu-2

China's Tiandu-2 communication and navigation technology test satellite entered lunar orbit and successfully carried out Earth-Moon transmission and routing experiments.

Agency: China National Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Other

Launched 2024

Active mission

DRO-A

China's DRO-A satellite ultimately reached its designated distant retrograde orbit in Earth-Moon space after a launch upper-stage anomaly and established an inter-satellite link with DRO-L.

Agency: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Other

Launched 2024

Active mission

DRO-B

China's DRO-B satellite ultimately reached its designated orbit in Earth-Moon space after a launch upper-stage anomaly and now operates in Earth-Moon space maneuver orbits.

Agency: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Other

Launched 2024

Completed · Success

IM-1 (Odysseus)

Intuitive Machines' Nova-C lander, called Odysseus, softly landed near Malapert A in the South Pole region of the Moon.

Agency: Intuitive Machines
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander

Launched 2024

Failed · Failure

Peregrine Mission One

Astrobotic's Peregrine Mission One launched on United Launch Alliance's (ULA) Vulcan rocket, but a propulsion issue prevented Peregrine from softly landing on the Moon and the lander made a controlled re-entry over open water in the South Pacific.

Agency: Astrobotic
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander

Launched 2023

Completed · Partial Success

SLIM

A Japanese pinpoint-landing demonstration that touched down close to its target but came to rest with its solar panels facing the wrong way.

Agency: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander

Launched 2023

Failed · Failure

Luna 25

Russia's first lunar mission since 1976, targeted at the south polar region and lost when communications ceased days after launch.

Agency: Russian Space Agency
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander

Launched 2023

Completed · Success

Chandrayaan-3

India's successful lunar landing, which set the Vikram lander down in the south polar region and deployed a rover onto the surface.

Agency: Indian Space Research Organization
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander
Rover

Launched 2023

Active mission

Juice

ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, launched on 14 April 2023 on an Ariane 5 from Kourou and still in interplanetary cruise. Its targets are Jupiter and the ocean-bearing Galilean moons Ganymede, Europa and Callisto, due to be reached in July 2031. It has flown what ESA calls a world-first lunar-Earth gravity assist on 19-20 August 2024, passing the Moon and then Earth a day apart, and a Venus gravity assist on 31 August 2025; two further Earth gravity assists, planned for 2026 and 2029, have not happened. This atlas has no body record for Ganymede, Europa or Callisto, so those three are absent from the destinations listed here.

Agency: ESA · NASA · Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency · Israel Space Agency
Destination: Moon · Earth · Venus · Jupiter
Trajectory: Precise trajectory

Orbiter
Flyby

Launched 2022

Failed · Failure

Hakuto-R Mission 1

A commercial Japanese technology demonstration lander, built by ispace, that reached lunar orbit but was lost during its descent to the surface.

Agency: ispace
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander

Launched 2022

Failed · Failure

Lunar Flashlight

A NASA CubeSat intended to look for surface ice in permanently shadowed lunar craters, ended early by problems with its thrusters.

Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2022

Completed · Success

ArgoMoon

The Italian Space Agency's ArgoMoon CubeSat photographed Earth and the Moon after its Artemis I deployment.

Agency: Italian Space Agency (ASI)
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Technology Demonstrator

Launched 2022

Completed · Success

Artemis I

The uncrewed first flight of NASA's Space Launch System and Orion spacecraft, sent around the Moon and back to test the systems for a later crewed launch.

Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Flyby
Technology Demonstrator

Launched 2022

Lost · Partial Success

EQUULEUS

JAXA's EQUULEUS CubeSat was launched by NASA's Artemis I, completed its planned lunar fly-by, and was confirmed in its planned orbit toward the Earth-Moon L2 point.

Agency: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency · University of Tokyo
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Technology Demonstrator
Flyby

Launched 2022

Partial Success · Partial Success

LunaH-Map

A CubeSat that flew past the Moon after the Artemis I launch but could not reach the low polar orbit from which it was to map water ice.

Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2022

Failed · Failure

Lunar IceCube

A NASA CubeSat launched as an Artemis I secondary payload to investigate lunar ice, but no communication could be established after launch.

Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2022

Failed · Failure

LunIR

Lockheed Martin's LunIR CubeSat could not complete its lunar infrared-imaging technology demonstration after the Artemis I launch.

Agency: Lockheed Martin
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Technology Demonstrator
Flyby

Launched 2022

Failed · Failure

OMOTENASHI

JAXA's OMOTENASHI CubeSat could not perform its lunar landing maneuver after JAXA was unable to establish communication.

Agency: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander

Launched 2022

Active mission

Danuri

South Korea's first mission beyond Earth orbit, a lunar polar orbiter also known as the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter.

Agency: Korea Aerospace Research Institute
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2022

Active mission

CAPSTONE

A 25 kg spacecraft sent to fly and prove the near-rectilinear halo orbit intended for a future crewed lunar outpost.

Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter
Technology Demonstrator

Launched 2020

Completed · Success

Chang'e 5

China's first lunar sample return: a lander that drilled and scooped regolith in Oceanus Procellarum and delivered 1.731 kg of it to Earth.

Agency: China National Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander
Sample Return

Launched 2019

Active mission

Chandrayaan-2

India's second lunar mission, whose orbiter continues to operate after the Vikram lander was lost during its descent.

Agency: Indian Space Research Organization
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter
Lander
Rover

Launched 2019

Failed · Failure

Beresheet

A privately funded Israeli lander that reached lunar orbit before crashing during its descent to the surface.

Agency: Israel
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander

Launched 2018

Active mission

Chang'e 4

The first soft landing on the far side of the Moon, which delivered the Yutu-2 rover into Von Karman crater.

Agency: China National Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander
Rover

Launched 2018

Failed · Failure

Longjiang 1

A lunar microsatellite launched with Queqiao for low-frequency radio astronomy, but lost during its first trajectory correction maneuver because of a thruster-control logic malfunction.

Agency: Peoples Republic of China
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter
Observatory

Launched 2018

Completed · Success

Longjiang 2

A Chinese microsatellite that reached lunar orbit for low-frequency radio astronomy and returned images of the Earth beyond the Moon.

Agency: Peoples Republic of China
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter
Observatory

Launched 2018

Active mission

Queqiao

A Chinese relay satellite placed in a halo orbit beyond the Moon so that a lander on the far side could keep in contact with Earth.

Agency: Peoples Republic of China
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Other

Launched 2014

Completed · Success

4M

LuxSpace's 4M was a privately funded lunar flyby with navigation and radiation experiments.

Agency: LuxSpace
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Technology Demonstrator
Flyby

Launched 2014

Completed · Success

Chang'e 5-T1

A Chinese circumlunar test flight that proved the high-speed atmospheric re-entry needed for a later lunar sample return.

Agency: China National Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Flyby
Technology Demonstrator

Launched 2013

Completed · Success

Chang'e 3

The first soft landing on the Moon in 37 years, which delivered the Yutu rover to Mare Imbrium.

Agency: China National Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander
Rover

Launched 2013

Completed · Success

LADEE

A NASA orbiter that studied the Moon's tenuous exosphere and dust environment from low altitude before a planned impact.

Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2011

Completed · Success

GRAIL

Twin NASA orbiters that flew in formation to map the Moon's gravitational field in unprecedented detail before impacting the surface together.

Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2010

Completed · Success

Chang'e 2

China's second lunar orbiter, which mapped the Moon at higher resolution before leaving it to fly past the asteroid Toutatis.

Agency: China National Space Administration
Destination: Moon · 4179 Toutatis
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter
Flyby

Launched 2009

Completed · Success

LCROSS

A NASA mission that steered a spent upper stage into a permanently shadowed south polar crater and flew through the plume to look for water.

Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Impactor

Launched 2009

Active mission

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

NASA robotic lunar polar orbiter launched on 18 June 2009 that maps the Moon's surface topography, temperature, composition and radiation environment, with emphasis on the polar regions and on identifying safe landing sites and resources such as water ice. Still operating in 2026, it is described by NASA as the longest-lived lunar orbiting mission ever.

Agency: NASA
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2008

Completed · Partial Success

Chandrayaan-1

India's first lunar mission, which carried a Moon Impact Probe and returned evidence of water on the lunar surface.

Agency: Indian Space Research Organization
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2007

Completed · Success

Chang'e 1

China's first lunar mission, which imaged the whole Moon before being sent to a controlled impact on the surface.

Agency: China National Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2007

Completed · Success

Kaguya

A Japanese lunar orbiter that mapped the Moon's topography and gravity, accompanied by two small relay and radio-science subsatellites.

Agency: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 2007

Active mission

ARTEMIS

Two of the five THEMIS spacecraft, repurposed years after launch and moved into lunar orbit to study the Moon's interaction with the solar wind from two vantage points.

Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter
Heliophysics

Launched 2003

Completed · Success

SMART-1

The first European mission to the Moon, and a demonstration of solar-electric ion propulsion on a journey that spiralled outward from Earth orbit.

Agency: ESA
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter
Technology Demonstrator

Launched 1998

Failed · Failure

Nozomi

Nozomi (Japanese for Hope and known before launch as Planet-B) was planned as a Mars orbiting aeronomy mission designed to study the martian upper atmosphere and its interaction with the solar wind and to develop technologies for use in future planetary missions. A malfunctioning valve during an Earth swingby resulted in a loss of fuel and left the spacecraft with insufficient acceleration to reach its planned trajectory, and solar flares later damaged its communications and power systems. Efforts to put the Nozomi spacecraft into martian orbit have been abandoned: an attempt to fire thrusters to orient the craft for a Mars orbit insertion burn failed on December 9, the smaller thrusters were successfully fired, and Nozomi flew past Mars at a distance of 1000 km on 14 December and went into a heliocentric orbit with a period of roughly two years.

Agency: Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science, U of Tokyo
Destination: Mars · Earth · Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter
Flyby

Launched 1998

Completed · Success

Lunar Prospector

A NASA orbiter that surveyed the Moon's composition and polar hydrogen before being deliberately crashed into a south polar crater.

Agency: NASA-Office of Space Science
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 1994

Completed · Partial Success

Clementine

A joint Defense Department and NASA mission that mapped the Moon in eleven wavelengths before a malfunction ended its planned encounter with asteroid 1620 Geographos.

Agency: NASA-Office of Space Science Applications · Department of Defense-Department of the Navy
Destination: Moon · 1620 Geographos
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter
Flyby

Launched 1990

Completed · Success

Hiten

A Japanese engineering mission that tested aerobraking and lunar swingby techniques and released a small orbiter into lunar orbit.

Agency: Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science, U of Tokyo
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Flyby
Orbiter

Launched 1989

Completed · Success

Galileo

NASA mission, with participation by the Federal Republic of Germany, comprising a Jupiter orbiter and an atmospheric entry probe deployed from Space Shuttle Atlantis in October 1989. Flying a Venus-Earth-Earth gravity-assist trajectory, it made the first close flybys of asteroids (951 Gaspra and 243 Ida), observed the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts on Jupiter, delivered the first probe into a giant planet's atmosphere on 7 December 1995, and orbited Jupiter until it was deliberately steered into the planet on 21 September 2003 to avoid contaminating Europa.

Agency: NASA
Destination: Jupiter · Venus · Earth · Moon · 951 Gaspra · 243 Ida
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter
Atmospheric Probe
Flyby

Launched 1976

Completed · Success

Luna 24

The last Soviet lunar mission and the third to return a sample, drilling deep into Mare Crisium and delivering the core to Earth.

Agency: U.S.S.R
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander
Sample Return

Launched 1975

Failed · Failure

Luna 1975A

A flight identified as a Soviet lunar sample return attempt, lost during launch.

Agency: Soviet Union
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Sample Return

Launched 1974

Failed · Partial Success

Luna 23

A Soviet sample return attempt whose drilling apparatus was damaged on landing, leaving the lander to operate without returning a sample.

Agency: U.S.S.R
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Lander
Sample Return

Launched 1974

Completed · Success

Luna 22

A long-lived Soviet lunar orbiter that imaged the surface and measured the Moon's shape, gravity and magnetic field.

Agency: U.S.S.R
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter

Launched 1973

Completed · Success

Explorer 49

A radio astronomy observatory placed in lunar orbit so that the Moon would shield it from terrestrial radio interference.

Agency: NASA-Office of Space Science
Destination: Moon
Trajectory: Trajectory unavailable

Orbiter